General information
The SALSA MLPA
Probemix P311 CHD is a
research use only (RUO) assay for the detection of deletions or duplications in the
GATA4,
NKX2-5,
TBX5,
BMP4, and
CRELD1 genes and of the 22q11.21 region (DiGeorge region), which are associated with congenital heart disease (CHD).
CHD is a common birth defect, of which ventricular septal defects are collectively the most common type. Abnormal cardiac development originates from both environmental and genetic factors. Multiple studies postulate that mutations in several genes could be implicated in CHD.
The transcription factor GATA4 forms a complex with TBX5 which interacts with a heart muscle protein, α-myosin heavy chain. Another factor, the homeobox (developmental) gene,
NKX2-5 also interacts with
MYH6. Mutations of all these proteins are associated with both atrial and ventricular septal defects. In addition,
NKX2-
5 is associated with defects in the electrical conduction of the heart and
TBX5 is related to the Holt-Oram syndrome which includes electrical conduction defects and abnormalities of the upper limb. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) can also be caused by mutations in the gene encoding cell adhesion molecule
CRELD1. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was shown to have a critical role in functional heart formation in model animals; the loss of this protein resulted in various developmental defects.
More information is available at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500252.
This SALSA MLPA probemix is not CE/FDA registered for use in diagnostic procedures. Purchase of this product includes a limited license for research purposes.
Probemix content
The SALSA MLPA Probemix P311-B2 CHD contains 41 MLPA probes with amplification products between 124 and 475 nucleotides (nt). This includes eight probes for the
GATA4 gene, four probes for the
NKX2-5 gene, ten probes for the
TBX5 gene, four probes for the
BMP4 gene, two probes for the
CRELD1 gene, and three probes for the 22q11.21 region (DiGeorge region). In addition, nine reference probes are included that detect autosomal chromosomal locations. Complete probe sequences and the identity of the genes detected by the reference probes are available online (
www.mrcholland.com).
This probemix contains nine quality control fragments generating amplification products between 64 and 105 nt: four DNA Quantity fragments (Q-fragments), two DNA Denaturation fragments (D-fragments), one Benchmark fragment, and one chromosome X and one chromosome Y-specific fragment. More information on how to interpret observations on these control fragments can be found in the MLPA General Protocol and online at
www.mrcholland.com.